A
AGS
American Gem Society – A professional jeweler’s society founded in 1934. AGS has a laboratory which grades diamonds and offers a diamond grading report. AGS has a cut grading system for round diamonds.
AGS CUT GRADING SCALE
0 Ideal, 1 Excellent, 2 Very Good, 3-4 Good, 5-7 Fair, 8-10 Poor
AMERICAN GEM SOCIETY
A professional jeweler’s society founded in 1934. AGS has a laboratory which grades diamonds and offers a diamond grading report. AGS has a cut grading system for round diamonds.
APPRAISAL
A written estimate of the approximate retail replacement value of the item described. They should be updated every few years ad can be used for insurance purposes.
ARTISANAL MINING
Small-scale non-mechanized mining that is done by individuals or small groups of miners typically working with simple hand tools
B
BEZEL FACET
On a round brilliant diamond, these are eight large kite-shaped facets on the crown. Also called top main facet.
BRILLIANCE
Brilliance describes the reflections of white light coming from the diamond.
BRILLIANT CUT DIAMOND
Round diamond with 57 facets (58 if there is a culet). Round brilliant cut diamonds are more brilliant than any of the fancy-shaped stones.
C
CARAT
The standard unit of measurement of the weight of a diamond. One carat equals 1/5 of a gram or 1/142 of an ounce. 1 carat=100 points.
CAVITY
A type of inclusion consisting of a large or deep opening in the diamond.
CLARITY
The degree to which a diamond is free from imperfections / inclusions. Clarity is graded on a scale from Flawless (FL) to Imperfect.
CLARITY ENHANCEMENT
Any process used to improve the apparent clarity of a diamond. This may include filling fractures and cavities with glass/resin.
CLEAVAGE
A break in a diamond which is parallel to one of its crystallographic planes. A cleavage may be caused by inherent internal strain or by a sharp blow. The break may extend to the surface of a diamond.
CLOUD
A group of tiny, white inclusions which give a cloudy appearance.
COLOR
A degree for which the diamond is not colorless. http://www.pricescope.com/wiki/diamonds/diamond-color/
CONFLICT DIAMOND
Diamonds that are possessed by factions, rebel groups, and other forces that use them to finance war against internationally recognized legitimate governments.
CROWN
The part of the diamond that is above the girdle. It consists of the table and the crown facets below it
CROWN ANGLE
The angle measured between the girdle plane and the bezel facets. Along with the table size, the crown angle helps determine the amount of dispersion displayed by the diamond.
CROWN HEIGHT
The part of the diamond that is above the girdle.
CROWN HEIGHT PERCENTAGE
The crown height expressed as a percentage of the average girdle diameter.
CRYSTAL
A type of inclusion. A crystal is a mineral deposit trapped inside the diamond.
CULET
The smallest (58th) facet at the bottom of a full-cut diamond. Some diamonds do not have a culet (none or pointed is how the culet of that diamond will be described).
CUT
The cut (make) of a diamond refers to the proportions given to the polished diamond by the diamond cutter. The cut is the most important of the 4Cs (cut, color, clarity, carat) in determining the diamond’s overall beauty.
D
DDI
Diamond Development Initiative is a multi-stakeholder platform, which brings NGOs, governments, and the private sector together to address the issues of artisanal diamond miners. http://www.ddiglobal.org/
DEPTH
The distance in millimetres between the table and the culet.
DEPTH PERCENTAGE
The depth of the diamond divided by the average width.
DISPERSION
The fiery, rainbow colors emanating from a diamond as white light is broken-up into colors.
E
EGL
European Gemological Laboratory – EGL has franchises in a number of cities around the world which grade diamonds and offer a diamond grading certificate.
EYE-CLEAN
In clarity-grading, eye-clean diamonds should have no inclusions that are visible through the table to the unaided eye.
F
FACET
The polished planes on the surface of a diamond.
FEATHER
A fracture in a diamond that looks like a white feather.
FIRE
The rainbow colors seen in a diamond as a result of dispersion.
FLUORESCENCE
The property in many diamonds that makes them glow in an environment rich in ultraviolet light. Diamonds can fluoresce in a number of colors, blue is the most common, other colors usually are to be avoided. Faint to medium fluorescence is rarely detected under ordinary lighting conditions. Strong or very strong fluorescence may make a diamond appear ‘milky’ or ‘oily’, especially in sunlight. Blue fluorescence may enhance the color of diamonds rated ‘H’ in color or below (I,J, etc.) by hiding their yellow tint. Diamonds rated D-F with medium+ fluorescence may sell at a discount.
FRACTURE
A chip or break on a diamond that is not in the direction of a cleavage plane. Irregular in shape, they usually appear step-like or as a splinter.
FRACTURE FILLING
A diamond enhancement process whereby a cavity in a diamond is filled with an artificial substance.
G
GIA
Gemological Institute of America
GIA Triple Excellent
A trade term for round diamonds that meet GIA‘s criteria for Excellent Cut, Excellent Polish, and Excellent Symmetry.
GIA-GTL
Gemological Institute of America Gem Trade Lab. The well-respected independent laboratory which grades diamonds and includes a diamond grading report with each diamond.
GIRDLE
The outer edge of a diamond which forms a band around the stone. The girdle can be faceted, polished or unpolished
GIRDLE THICKNESS
The measurement describing the percentage of the diamond’s average girdle diameter.
GRADING REPORT
Sometimes called a ‘certificate’, although labs do not ‘certify’ diamonds. The grading report, issued by an independent laboratory, should accurately describe the proportions, weight, color, clarity, symmetry, polish and possible fluorescence that the diamond displays and is being evaluated. Some labs such as GIA and AGS are felt by many experts to be more consistent and stringent in their grading than some other labs.
I
IGI
International Gemological Institute. A laboratory which offers a grading report. IGI also produces written appraisals.
INCLUSION
A naturally-occurring imperfection in a diamond. Some examples are: feathers, crystals, needles, clouds and pinpoints.
K
KIMBERLEY PROCESS
From http://www.kimberleyprocess.com/ “The Kimberley Process (KP) is a joint governments, industry and civil society initiative to stem the flow of conflict diamonds…The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as ‘conflict-free’. As of December 2009, the KP has 49 members, representing 75 countries, with the European Community and its Member States counting as an individual participant.”
L
LASER DRILL HOLE
A tiny tube carved in a diamond by laser drilling, which is often done to treat diamonds.
LASER DRILLING
A diamond enhancement technique whereby a laser is used to drill to an inclusion which is then bleached to enhance the diamond’s appearance.
LENGTH-TO-WIDTH RATIO
A comparison of the length and width of the girdle outline on fancy-shaped diamonds. The ratio is found by dividing the length of the diamond by the width. The width is always stated as 1. Some L to W ratios are considered to be more appealing than others, but this is a matter of personal preference. Pear 1.50 – 1.75 : 1 Marquise 1.75 – 2.25 : 1 Heart 0.98 – 1.02 : 1 Oval 1.33 – 1.66 : 1 Emerald 1.50 – 1.75 : 1 Radiant/Princess 0.95 – 1.05 : 1
LOUPE
A small magnifying lens used to examine diamonds. 10x magnification is the standard.
LOWER-GIRDLE FACET
The facets on the pavilion of a round brilliant just below the girdle.
M
MINE CUT DIAMOND
An early form of the brilliant diamond with a squarish-shaped girdle, high crown, small table, deep pavilion, and very large culet.
MOHS SCALE
The 10-point scale of mineral hardness. Diamond scores 10 on Mohs Scale. The diamond is the hardest of all known natural substances.
N
NATURAL
These imperfections can be found on some polished diamonds when some of the rough is left on the diamond. This is often done so the cutter can maximize weight in a diamond.
O
OLD EUROPEAN CUT DIAMOND
The earliest known form of brilliant cut diamond with a very small table, heavy crown and large depth.
P
PAVILION
The portion of the diamond below the girdle
PAVILION ANGLE
The angle measured between the girdle and the pavilion main facet.
PAVILION MAIN FACET
The eight facets found on the pavilion of a round brilliant diamond. Their points touch the girdle.
PHOSPHORESCENCE
Light emitted from a gem after a being exposed to stimulating energy source and then removed. Notable examples include The Hope Diamond and The Wittelsbach-Graff Diamond, which phosphoresce intense orange-red after exposure to short wave ultraviolet light.
PINPOINTS
Very small inclusions in a diamond.
POINTS
1/100th of a carat. For example, a 1/4 carat diamond weighs 25 points.
POLISH
The way the cutter finishes the facets on a diamond. Labs grade finish from poor to excellent.
PROSUMER
A volunteer diamond and jewelry enthusiast who spend their time on the forum to share their knowledge and help others.
S
SCINTILLATION
Sparkle. The tiny flashes of light that can be seen in a diamond when the observer changes his point of view.
SHAPE
There are eight common diamond shapes. They are round, marquise, pear, oval, heart, princess/radiant, emerald, and trillion. The most popular is round (the rest are called ‘fancy-shaped’). Some other shapes are created and sold by anufacturers.
STAR FACET
One of the eight triangular facets found on the upper crown section (next to the table) of a brilliant-cut diamond.
SYMMETRY
Labs grade symmetry from poor to excellent, based on the diamond’s relation of one facet to another (meet-point faceting) and it’s proportions.
SYNTHETIC DIAMOND
An artificial diamond grown in laboratory with essentially the same chemical composition and crystal structure as a natural diamond. Synthetics should not be confused with simulants, which have different optical and physical characteristics. For more information please visit: www.pricescope.com/journal/synthetic-diamonds
T
TABLE
The largest facet on top of a diamond. This is where most of the light enters and exits a diamond.
TABLE PERCENTAGE
The width of the table divided by the average diameter.
U
UPPER-GIRDLE FACET
On the lower crown portion of the diamond (Abutting the girdle), one of the 15 facets.
W
WHITE GOLD
White gold is alloyed with Nickel or Palladium, Copper, and Zinc. It’s natural state is not white, and it is usuallya Rhodium plated.